Introduction
Throughout the Tanach or Old Testament, numerous passages foretold the coming of Israel’s Messiah who was the key to the nation’s future. Through Him, God would fulfill all His covenantal promises to the nation and fulfill all prophecy.
Some Messianic passages spoke of a suffering Messiah. Others spoke of a Messiah who reigned over a magnificent and wondrous kingdom. Still other passages spoke of God’s wrath against the earth. What the prophets and later the rabbis did not know, comprehend, or discern was that the advent of the Messiah was separated in time. In other words, the Messiah’s coming was not one event but two. One of the reasons the Jews were unable to understand this was that the passages that spoke of His coming were tightly interwoven and hid this fact. The other is that God Himself hid their understanding (cf. Daniel 12.7-9; Luke 18.31-34).
What is missing in the Old Testament program? The Church. The Church program that has existed for almost 2,000 years is missing. The Old Testament provides no mention and no hint that there would be a 2,000 year hiatus between the first and second advents of the Lord. Everything in the Old Testament is focused on Israel and God’s covenantal and prophetic plan with them. The Church, the body of Christ, from the Old Testament perspective does not exist.
Summary of God’s Plan For Israel
For the Jew in the Old Testament, God’s plan was clear in its basic conception. What was understood was the following: 1) the Messiah would come, 2) the Messiah would suffer, 3) God would pour our His wrath upon the earth and judge the nations, 4) and God would establish His kingdom. This kingdom would cover the entire earth and be centered in Jerusalem with the Messiah reigning as King. God would fulfill all His promises to Israel during this kingdom period. Israel would be preeminent among all nations of the world. Gentile nations would look to Israel for guidance about God and be blessed by Israel. No plan of God blessing Gentiles apart from Israel existed, i.e., the Church, the body of Christ. This plan was most succinctly explained in Psalm 2 below.
| Psalm 2 | Comment |
| 1 Why are the nations in an uproar and the peoples devising a vain thing? 2 The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord and against His Anointed, saying, 3 “Let us tear their fetters apart and cast away their cords from us!” | vv. 1-3 speak of the advent of the Messiah and His rejection by Gentiles (nations and kings of the earth) and Israel (peoples and rulers). |
| 4 He who sits in the heavens laughs, The Lord scoffs at them. 5 Then He will speak to them in His anger and terrify them in His fury, saying, | vv. 4-5 speak of God’s disdain and wrath against those who reject His Messiah (cf. Acts 13.38-41). |
| 6 “But as for Me, I have installed My King upon Zion, My holy mountain.” 7 “I will surely tell of the decree of the Lord: He said to Me, ‘You are My Son, today I have begotten You. 8 ‘Ask of Me, and I will surely give the nations as Your inheritance, and the very ends of the earth as Your possession. 9 ‘You shall break them with a rod of iron, you shall shatter them like earthenware.’” | vv. 6-9 speak of God’s setting up His Messiah to rule from Jerusalem (Zion), His declaration of the Messiah’s Sonship (resurrection, cf. Acts 13.30-33), and His giving His Son the nations for an inheritance. |
| 10 Now therefore, O kings, show discernment; Take warning, O judges of the earth. 11 Worship the Lord with reverence and rejoice with trembling. 12 Do homage to the Son, that He not become angry, and you perish in the way, for His wrath may soon be kindled. How blessed are all who take refuge in Him! | vv. 10-12 speak of God’s warning to the nations to worship and revere His Son, the Messiah so as not to anger Him. This refers primarily to his 2nd Advent. |
Passages Revealing the Messiah’s Advent
The below passages are representative of passages in the Old Testament and illustrate how these passages interwove the message about the coming of the Messiah. As one can see, one phrase will speak of the Messiah’s first advent. The next phrase will speak of His second advent. For example, in the first passage below, Isaiah 9.6-7, the passage declared a “child will be born to us (Jews).” This obviously happened in the incarnation when the angel announced to Mary that she, as a virgin, would have a Son (Luke 1.26-38). The next phrase and the following verses tell of the Messiah’s government, His reign from David’s throne, and that His reign will last forever. Has this happened? No. Jesus is not reigning in Jerusalem on David’s throne. The world is not under the rule of the Messiah. If it were, we would have peace instead of war. We would have justice and righteousness instead of corruption and evil.
The second passage below, Isaiah 61.1-3, was quoted by the Lord when He went into the synagogue in Nazareth on the Sabbath and read from the prophet Isaiah (Luke 4.14-17). Jesus read the passage but stopped in mid-sentence. This confused and shocked His audience. You can hear them asking one another, “Why did He stop? Why didn’t He finish the verse? Who stops reading in the middle of a verse?” As everyone was looking at Him (Luke 4.20) Jesus responded to their questioning stares by declaring “Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.” We might ask the same question as those Jews 2,000 years ago. Why didn’t Jesus finish the verse? The answer is He knew He had fulfilled the first part of the passage by His ministry to Israel in preaching the “gospel of the kingdom” (Matthew 4.17; 9.35). He also knew the next part of the verse, which spoke of God’s wrath, and the verses that followed, which declared God’s wrath and His kingdom, would be delayed. For the kingdom to come, the Jews will have to fulfill the prophecy Jesus declared in Matthew 23.39.
| Old Testament Prophecy and the Advent of the Messiah | |||
| Passage | 1st Advent | 2nd Advent | |
| Isaiah 9.6-7 | 6a For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us; | 6b and the government will rest on His shoulders; and His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace. 7 There will be no end to the increase of His government or of peace, on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and righteousness from then on and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will accomplish this. | |
| Isaiah 61.1-3 | 1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, because the LORD has anointed me to bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to captives and freedom to prisoners; 2 To proclaim the favorable year of the LORD | 2 And the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn, 3 To grant those who mourn in Zion, Giving them a garland instead of ashes, The oil of gladness instead of mourning, the mantle of praise instead of a spirit of fainting so they will be called oaks of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that He may be glorified. | |
| Joel 2.28-32 | 28 “It will come about after this that I will pour out My Spirit on all mankind; and your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. 29 “Even on the male and female servants I will pour out My Spirit in those days. (cf. Joel 2.1-17) | 30 “I will display wonders in the sky and on the earth, blood, fire and columns of smoke. 31 “The sun will be turned into darkness and the moon into blood before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes. 32 “And it will come about that whoever calls on the name of the LORD will be delivered; For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be those who escape, as the LORD has said, even among the survivors whom the Lord calls (cf. Joel 2.18-27). | |
| Zechariah 9.9-10 | 9 Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you; He is just and endowed with salvation, humble, and mounted on a donkey, even on a colt, the foal of a donkey. | 10 I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim and the horse from Jerusalem; and the bow of war will be cut off and He will speak peace to the nations; and His dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth. | |
| Luke 1.30-33 | 30 The angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary; for you have found favor with God. 31 “And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. | 32 “He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; 33 and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and His kingdom will have no end.” | |
The third passage in the chart above, Joel 2.28-31, is interesting for Peter quoted it on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2.14-21). Joel’s prophecy about the pouring out of the Holy Spirit came to pass on that Pentecost day but Peter also expected the rest of the prophecy to be fulfilled. That is why he quoted the entire passage. Unlike the Lord, he did not know that God’s wrath and kingdom would be delayed. Peter continued to preach the gospel of the kingdom in which repentance was the central tenant (Acts 2.36-41, 3.12-18). That Peter expected the Lord to return and establish His kingdom soon is clear from his words to the Jews in Act 3.19-26. He commanded the people to repent and return to God.1 If they did, what would happen? Peter declared, “so that your sins may be wiped away, in order that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord; and that He may send Jesus, the Christ appointed for you.” Had the people obeyed Peter, Jesus would have returned and established His kingdom, i.e., “the times of refreshing.” But they didn’t. And God knew they wouldn’t.
In the fourth passage above, Zechariah 9.9-10, the prophet proclaimed in v. 9 the Lord’s advent as the King but His advent is meek and lowly. The Lord’s presentation in Jerusalem (what Christians celebrate as Palm Sunday) was triumphal for He was the King and some of the people recognized Him as such. But instead of a glorious, kingly steed, Jesus rode a donkey (Luke 19.28-44).2 Verse 10 of Zechariah’s prophecy spoke of the Messiah’s return in which he would end war and establish peace in His worldwide kingdom. Obviously, this has not yet occurred.
The final example, Luke 1.30-33, is taken from what Christians call the New Testament.3 In this passage, the angel Gabriel appeared to Mary to announce that she was to have a child whom they would name Jesus. This happened. Gabriel continued his declaration and proclaimed that this child would be called the “Son of the Most High,” that God would give Him the throne of His father David, that He would rule the house of Jacob forever, and that this kingdom would be forever. Did any of that happen? No. It awaits the Lord’s return.
Conclusion
In examining the above passages of prophecy we find that the Messiah’s advent(s) were tightly interwoven. It appeared that the prophesied events surrounding the Messiah would be fulfilled within a short period of time. Nearly 2,000 years have passed. We have no hint from the Old Testament that 2,000 years would pass between the comings of the Lord. We have no hint of a period of time in which God would create the Church. All the prophecies related to Israel, God’s wrath, and His kingdom remain unfulfilled. During this time God has set Israel aside (temporarily) as the favored nation (Romans 11.25-26).
Beginning with the Apostle Paul, God created His Church, the body of Christ. The ascended Lord revealed a new plan to Paul (Ephesians 3.1-10). No hint of any of this can be found in the Old Testament. Paul wrote that the Church, the body of Christ, was a secret (μυστήριον). In the Old Testament program, God revealed He would deal with Gentiles through Israel. Israel was the channel through which God would bless Gentiles. For this to occur, the nation had to have its Messiah. But that did not happen. They rejected Him. Instead of pouring out His wrath, which was the next event of the prophetic program, God saved His chief enemy, Rabbi Saul, and commissioned him to be “the apostle to the Gentiles” (Romans 11.13; 1 Timothy 2.7). This was a new, unrevealed program God created to bless Gentiles.
Will God return to His plan which He revealed in the Old Testament? Paul gave us the answer: when the fullness of the Gentiles is complete, i.e. when the Body of Christ is complete, all Israel will be saved (Romans 11.25-26). This means that when the Body of Christ is complete, God will return to His program that has been in abeyance for 2,000 years. He will pour out His long delayed wrath upon a Christ rejecting world. He will return as King and establish His glorious kingdom. He will save the entire nation of Israel, which has repented and believed that Jesus is the Messiah, cf. Matthew 23.39 cf. Matthew 24.14, and they will fulfill their divine destiny to be priests of God (Exodus 19.6).
1 The words “repent” (μετανοήσατε) and “return” (ἐπιστρέψατε) that Peter used are imperatives (commands).
2 When the Lord returns at His second advent He will ride a white horse (Revelation 19.11).
3 The New Testament is the New Covenant. Jesus operated under the Mosaic Law or the Old Covenant throughout His earthly ministry. The New Covenant was not inaugurated until the last supper (Matthew 26.28). Even after this, it did not go into effect fully for the Jews (the Twelve included) still practiced the Mosaic Law. It will be fulfilled in the Messianic kingdom.
©2011 Don Samdahl. Anyone is free to reproduce this material and distribute it, but it may not be sold.
Mr. Samdahl: Above in your side-by-side 1st and 2nd advent comparisons involving Joel, I noticed that you omitted Joel 29-32. Joel’s statement in verse 32 that all who call on the name of the Lord will be delivered (“saved” in Acts 2:21) seems to speak to grace apart from works. Surely, this deliverance and salvation is Church Age grace salvation as opposed to Tribulation salvation. Revelation suggests that during the Tribulation salvation is a combination of faith and works: keep commandments of God, have testimony of Jesus, no taking mark of beast and enduring. Revelation 12:17, 14:9. Your thoughts?
Greg,
Thank you. I added v.32 to the Joel passage. Peter thought all of Joel was going to be fulfilled in his lifetime. Peter preached salvation based upon the name of Christ (see Acts 2.21, 38, 3.6, 16, Act 4.7, 10, 12, 17-18, 30, 5.28, 40-41, 8.12, 16, 9.14-15, 21, 27-28, 10.43, 48). Salvation was based upon believing the gospel of the kingdom. This entailed believing Who Jesus was–the Messiah, the Son of God (Matthew 16.16; John 11.27). In other words, salvation was based upon the identity, not the work of Christ. Salvation based upon the work of Christ was a doctrine the risen Lord gave to Paul. That was Paul’s gospel (1 Corinthians 15.1-4). Peter had no idea about this. For him, the death of the Messiah was only something of which Israel needed to repent. For Paul, Christ’s death and resurrection was salvation–the power of God. After God removes the Church, the gospel of the kingdom will return (Matthew 24.14). Again, salvation will be based upon believing in the name, that is, the identity of Christ. The counter-claim will be that the Antichrist is the Messiah. That is what the Lord’s words to the 7 assemblies in Revelation is all about and that is why salvation is forfeited if one takes the mark of the Beast and worships the Beast. So, the long answer is that Peter’s words were not grace salvation. Peter knew nothing of the Church, the body of Christ on the day of Pentecost.
Dr. Samdahl: Is the Gospel of the Kingdom salvation as described in Matthew 19:16-21: Keep the commandments of God and follow Jesus ? Is there more ? Is Tribulation salvation different ?
Greg,
It is hard to get a firm grip on this. Salvation in the OT is murky. For example, in the gospels, salvation is based upon Law keeping, water baptism, forgiveness, and belief that Jesus is the Messiah. It seems salvation during the Tribulation will be based upon faithfulness to Christ, specifically, that He is the Messiah-King, the Son of God, not the Antichrist. This is stated clearly in Revelation 13.8-9, 14.9-12 and these passages harmonize with what the Lord told the assemblies in Revelation 2-3.
Hi Don,
This is an amazing study and a perfect example of rightly dividing the Word of Truth. I was reading in Romans 12 this morning and was pondering the truth that members of the body of Christ have gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us. It is always a blessing to see someone fully committing their gift in service to the Lord Jesus. I speak sincerely.
The chart above is such a big help for someone like me who is new to all this (since January this year). It cleared up some things that were blocking my understanding of the Messiah’s purpose in the four gospels. I’ve been experiencing the effects of the “loss” of much of what i thought to be true, having difficulty recently of forgetting what is behind and pressing forward. It is thrilling to gain new understanding, yet it is very trying in not being able to return to what i once knew. I’d been feeling like i had a “pile of debris blocking the creek,” like things were just not flowing. This study just cleared up the debris. Thanks again, so much.
Becky,
So glad the study was helpful. Grace and peace.
Hi Don
Why did the Jews reject Jesus?
Who were they expecting and why were they unable to see that He was the Messiah according to prophecy?
Thanks for your time
Sue,
Hard question to answer. The question is still valid today. Why do most Jews reject that Jesus was the Messiah? We have just as much evidence today as the Jews of Jesus’ day. He fulfilled all the prophecies. Extend the question further. Why does anyone reject Christ–Jew or Gentile? Why do people refuse to believe Paul’s gospel that Christ died for our sins and rose from the dead?
Don, as you and others know, 2 Corinthians 4:4 states that satan (the temporary god of this world) has blinded the minds of unbelieving humans. It’s like a mass satanic ‘matrix’ brainwashing that very few seem to break free from, like Plato’s cave allegory. That and it’s been said by some that many refuse to believe because of pride. They don’t want to be held accountable for their actions, and foolishly believe they can be their own gods. Much like the example of the original rebel/deceiver.
Don,
Agreed, but surely their training and understanding of the scriptures was far more clearer than the confusion that is seen today.
Also, what then will convince them in the tribulation to accept Jesus?
Thanks
Sue,
That’s debatable. There was a lot of confusion then too. The Sadduccees, who controlled the religious-political machine did not believe in the resurrection or the supernatural. We have the completed Scriptures and can see the purpose of the Levitical sacrifices and all God’s dealings. It is unclear what will convince Israel to accept Christ in the Tribulation. The world will be on the point of annihilation when He returns. Passages that provide insight are Zechariah 12.10, Matthew 23.39, 24.29-30, Revelation 1.7.>
Good Evening Don,
Hope you ar well. The issue of us being Kings and Priests has worried me as I had thought this is the role for the Jews in the 1000 years, yet in 1 Cor verse 6 Paul tells us/saints that we will judge the world and Angels. How do I reconsile this issue. Thank you.
Vanessa,
Paul wrote we are children of God and joint-heirs with Christ (Romans 8.16-17). It is on the basis of this inheritance, not as kings and priests, that we will judge the world and angels.
Thanking you always for your responses. Another question. Hosea chapter 9.
22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction? 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory— 24 even us, whom he also called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? 25 As he says in Hosea:
“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,”
26 and,
“In the very place where it was said to them,
‘You are not my people,’
there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”
Is this reference talking about the Gentile bride. I dont support we are but I am in a discussion with a person who says this scripture supports this. Can you shed any light into I will call her my beloved.
Vanessa,
Paul’s subject in Romans 9-11 is Israel and its future. In chapter 9, he introduced an argument he would complete in chapter 11. Paul’s main point was that God had not forgotten or abandoned national Israel. Verse 24 corresponds to the wild branches of chapter 11–Gentiles. But verses 25-26 refer to Israel, the natural branches of chapter 11. God promised Hosea that “Lo-ammi” (not My people) would become “Ammi” (My people). God will fulfill all His promises to believing Israel, as Paul wrote in Romans 11.26, “all Israel will be saved.”
Thank you Don. The answer settled in my spirit the moment I read your reply. We, Vernon and I are so grateful for all the quick answers you give us. You are truly a gift from God for us.
Don, do you have any thoughts on what month Jesus may have been born?
Craig,
It is highly unlikely Jesus was born in December since it is improbable Caesar would have commanded that people to register during the winter. Also, shepherds would not be in their fields since they took their sheep from the fields to shelter in winter. More likely is that Jesus was born in the fall, spring, or summer.
Don, I didn’t know where to ask this. I hear some pastors at the end of their sermons recite the prayer/blessing in Numbers 6 about God shining his face upon us. Is this OK or for Jews only?
Craig,
Sure, this can be applied.
Don. Is there such a thing as the invisible church and the visible church?
Craig,
The visible church are those who attend church. The invisible Church are those who trust Christ.
Don, I know you answered this before but I’m not able to find it. How do we get three days from Friday to Sunday concerning Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection?
Craig,
The real difficulty is getting three days and three nights. That is impossible in the Friday-Sunday timeframe.
So how do we reconcile this 3 days and 3 nights timeframe?
Jesus died probably on a wednesday. The sabbath mentioned was the Easter sabbath and not a regular Saturday sabbath. He rose before dawn on Sunday because the tomb was empty then Maria came. That makes 3 nights and 3 days.